Turismo sostenibile | Fattoria Didattica biologica

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

The concept of sustainable tourism is based on that of sustainable development. Sustainability is a concept that was born back in the early '70s when the man realized that economic growth must be accompanied by safeguards to preserve the environment a chance to be equal to the present to future generations. From this awareness, it follows that the answer to the question: "What is sustainable development?" And 'the following: "Development that is able to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations are able to meet their own."

The first documents on sustainable development held back at the UN conference in Stockholm June 16, 1972 where 110 participants established the first nations rights and responsibilities that the man had first to the environment and civilization on the small of extinction due to rampant Western economic development. Emerged from the conference that: "The man has a fundamental right to liberty, equality and satisfactory living conditions, in an environment that allows him to live in the dignity and well-being, and is highly responsible for the protection and enhancement of 'in front of the environment for future generations.

This is why policies that promote and perpetuate apartheid, racial segregation, discrimination, colonialism and other forms of oppression and foreign domination, should be condemned and eliminated. "This man's awareness to the environment surrounding him , grew and became more and more importance. Some years later, in 1980, the first concept of sustainable development that emerged in the World Conservation Strategy was: "To meet the challenges of rapid globalization of the world a coherent and coordinated environmental policy must go hand in hand with economic development and social commitment. "However it will be Gro Harlem Brundtland, President of the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 to present, on behalf of the United Nations, an effective definition of sustainable development also reported previously:
"Development that is able to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet theirs."

Along with this first definition of sustainable development lies the idea of entering into a sort of pact between the land and peoples. A card that clearly defining the boundaries between the two realities of the planet. This idea, however, was temporarily set aside to take care first to clarify the concept of sustainability. So the world community is forced to come together again to the need for a universal method for building sustainable development in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, the countries participating in the campaign for sustainable development recognize that environmental concerns must be addressed in a universal and that solutions must involve all the states. For this he was created a real action plan for sustainable development called Agenda 21 which was adopted by 178 governments. In Rio In addition, on this occasion, was also amended the definition of development: "Sustainable development means an improvement of quality of life, without exceeding the carrying capacity of ecosystems to base."

Two years later the idea of a pact between the land and people was turned into a project with Maurice Strong (Secretary of the Rio Earth Summit and founder of the Earth Council) and Mikhail Gorbachev (as president of Green Cross International) ; This project will be known as the Earth Charter and will be the initiative of civil society. In 1994 he was created and laid the draft of the project and in 1997 a commission was created to look after this document. The Earth Charter is a declaration of fundamental ethical principles, adopted at the international level, which aims to build a just, sustainable and peaceful global society in the twenty-first century. The objectives of this paper are: the transition to sustainable lifestyles and sustainable human development, ecological integrity, environmental protection, poverty reduction, equitable economic development, respect for human rights and democracy and, finally, that peace must interdependent and indivisible. Therefore it provides a new integrated ethical framework to guide the transformation to a sustainable future.

In the following years held various European conferences on sustainable cities. What is a sustainable city? is a city which seeks to develop while protecting a healthy environment for future generations. In what way? Applying models of production, consumption and reproduction that safeguard Earth's regenerative capacities, human rights and welfare of the community, reducing the pollution from urban activities such as industries, by poor disposal of waste from the production of non-renewable energy and private transport. Subsequently the United Nations organized a meeting in Johannesburg (2002) with a concrete goal: meet the new challenges in favor of a development that combines economic, social and environmental issues, ensuring fairness and prosperity for generations to come. The main topics are: poverty, water, sanitation and hygiene for all, energy, globalization, environment protection, sustainable production and consumption and finally Africa and its holes blacks.

These issues were discussed for a long time to be able to formulate an effective action plan. Here it was revised and expanded so that Agenda 21 was a concrete and feasible action plan to all companies in the world. According to the report of the Secretary General of the United Nations on the implementation of Agenda 21, are required for major improvements in the efficiency of resources, both in industrialized nations, the developing countries. The proposals include:
• achieve, within the next two or three decades, an increase in efficiency of energy use and resources within the industrialized nations of four times current levels and a potential increase tenfold in ' efficient use of resources, provided by the industrialized nations over the long term;
• increased corporate responsibility to be achieved through initiatives such as the Global Compact (UN Global Compact) and the Global Initiative Presentation (Global Reporting Initiative), as well as tools such as the responsibility in environmental management and environmental reports;
• providing incentives to industry and public institutions to increase research and development in cleaner production technologies;
• the promotion of sustainable consumption through government initiatives, including national accounts "green" tax reforms that encourage the conservation of resources and measures for the supply of materials, "green".
15% of the world's population lives in high-income countries and produces 56% of total world consumption, while 40% of the world's population lives in low income countries and produces only 11% of consumption. E 'was also tested that if everyone on the planet consumed as 15% of the population living in high-income countries would need 2.6 planets to meet other needs of us all.

Having said that new approaches were developed to increase the sustainable production and consumption. For example:
Many governments have used economic and regulatory incentives, such as environmental taxes, fines against pollution; tradable permits for pollution emissions and water use, waste management plans which provided for the return of deposits, no fees guarantees compliance and enforcement, and voluntary codes of conduct.
Many companies have introduced cleaner production and more energy efficient and environmentally sound, reducing pollution and other environmental impacts due to a design, an environmentally friendly packaging and labeling.

The public has become more aware of the responsibilities and opportunities available to consumers. In addition to the increasingly common practice of the three "Rs" - reduce, reuse and recycle - there is a willingness to pay more to buy organic products and environmentally friendly. By statistically analyzing the consumption in recent years shows that since 1992 the world energy consumption has increased significantly and is expected to continue until 2020 to grow at a rate of 2 percent per year. From 1992 to 1999, global consumption of fossil fuels increased by 10 percent. The use per capita is higher in developed countries, where it is consumed up to the equivalent of 6.4 tons of oil per year, ten times the consumption in developing countries.

Consumers often pay 50 to 100 percent more for products for which no chemicals and pesticides used. As a result, during the '90s in the U.S. organic food industry has recorded an annual growth exceeding 20 percent, with similar growth rates in other industrialized nations. More recently, the European Council has defined a new strategy for sustainable development. This should be based on democracy, gender equality, solidarity, freedom and equal opportunities for all. And at the same time, aims to improve the quality of life at a global level for both present and future generations. In what way? Creating sustainable communities that manage their resources effectively.
Analyzing now the concept of sustainability applied to tourism is a reality we will see that quite controversial in recent years, especially during the post-war when this activity, which was a privilege for the few first began to be embraced by most segments of society.

For this reality is so much debate? Why was there a need to create a model of sustainable tourism? First of all, tourism is a very profitable business for the world economy. It constitutes about 10% of European GDP and employs 20 million jobs. A continuously developing that if not controlled can be hostile to the environment. We often speak of associations dedicated to protecting the environment, often on television characters more or less listen to experts speak of 'global climate trend or many times we read articles or essays about the environment, but what are the practical solutions " who does tourism "can or should take to safeguard the natural environment and local populations? Mainly there are three entities that cause damage "by" tourism, the state administration, the body that promotes tourism and the tourist.

The state government can really make great progress on the implementation of sustainable tourism. We observe the Italian situation: the 'Italy is one of the European countries where tourism is the most practiced and even the Veneto region holds the primacy over the whole peninsula. Therefore, the tourism in our area is a very practiced, but how come they are still a few institutions that promote sustainable tourism? Unfortunately there are no laws that compel all valid tourist boards to relate changes necessary for their activities to promote tourism that is sustainable.

This deficit comes from the "upper levels" of society and leads to an even greater deficit in the "lower levels". It 'difficult without the help of tourist activity, stress and a state security to be able to implement a plan to promote sustainable tourism in its reality. The state should help not only because of incentives, but because it invests funds for research to find solutions that allow the city to you and the environment to coexist. In addition, the law makes these solutions to ensure that everyone is on equal footing in the market, these solutions do not impose any authority and there is therefore a fair competition. Therefore the state is the entity from which to start the initiative.

Hours down specifically how, an institution that deals with tourism, the environment can be an enemy?
1. Through the production of waste - large consumption (energy, water, etc..)
2. through deforestation - Cement.
3. Allowing the noise of local populations.
4. Through the destruction of the natural environment and particularly in the area.
(E 'in these areas that the state should take initiative, seek solutions and make them applicable to all.)
In recent years man has sought practical solutions to solve these problems. Legambiente suggested standards to be met by those involved in tourism in order to create a network of tourist offices that they care to protect the environment while continuing their tourist business.

In Italy 365 tourist facilities - including hotels, campsites, bed and breakfasts, cottages - join the project and comply Legambiente a series of ecological rules as energy and water conservation, waste reduction, sustainable transportation, healthy food, and seasonal products local, regional planning and promotion of cultural and environmental heritage. The eco-hotel helps not to lose the good habits even on holiday.
Many of the organizations that have joined this project: it comes to hotels, bed and breakfasts, resorts, inns, cottages, camping sites, residences, holiday homes and beach resorts. Eco-hotels are located in 16 Italian regions (on the site of Legambiente can see the full list).

The ten rules. To get the "eco" tour operators must comply with 10 basic parameters:
- Waste management. The hotels must be equipped for the collection and use as little as possible single-application packs. The principle is simple: less single-dose, less packaging. And then, less waste.

- Water. Structures are installed technologies that avoid the dispersion of water such as flow reducers in toilets, showers and bidets. Whenever possible, volunteers Legambiente teach employees a few simple tricks to save water.
- Energy. We use energy saving light bulbs (at least one for each room with bathroom) low consumption and applying new technologies also easy on the building as a highly insulating coat that does not dissipate the heat, the triple-glazed windows dedicated to the same function. (For more information, contact the site www.agenziacasaclima.it).
- Eat at the table you serve fresh fruits and vegetables in season and organic foods are not genetically modified. They are typical products and the eco-hotels are fast-tracked because it can eliminate the large amount of pollution produced by motor vehicles (mainly trucks and aircraft) transporting food around the world.

- Public transport. Those who choose an eco-hotel is also willing to do without your car, at least as far as possible. Therefore, tour operators promote public transport or other mass transit (such as car-sharing: the provision of a car because the car paying based on usage. In Italy the phenomenon is already present in the city of Rimini, Milan , Florence, Rome, Turin, Genoa, Bologna, Parma, Venice, Modena.) to reach the seaside or the most popular tourist spots.

- Mobility lightly. For shorter trips, the hotel provides free bicycles and mountain bikes.
- Noise. If the noises in hotels are unwelcome, in the eco-hotels are totally banned. Can cause damage to local people or animals nearby. However, the rooms are built with noise criteria.
- Culture and nature. Those who work in the eco-hotel is a little 'by tour operator. Customers are given any information on places to visit and enjoy the most beautiful and most characteristic events.
- The eco-hotels must display the label of Legambiente and the Ten Commandments in plain sight.

Concrete results. It is not easy to quantify the energy saved over 300 facilities scattered throughout Italy. However, there are estimates rather than precise. According to the survey conducted in 2008:
- The flow reducers in the bathrooms have permission to save 773,000 cubic meters of water.
- The electric boiler to heat water for baths 50,000 MWh have been preserved.
- Thanks to energy saving light bulbs (at least one unit room / bathroom), have been spared over 450,000 MWh.
- The jams in packs of glass or plastic rather than the single-dose packages produced 8.5 tonnes less waste.
- Using your bike to the car for short journeys, 757 tonnes of CO2 have been emitted into the atmosphere.

Each year, an examination. The "eco-label" has value only for a year. At maturity, the volunteers and technicians Legambiente back to check that all parameters are still being met. If the response is negative, no more quality label. Each year 3 to 5% of the eco-hotel hotel again become normal.

Down more specifically what can be done then the tourists in the first person to safeguard the environment that goes to visit? The tourist must undertake not to waste any kind of property thereby reducing the production of waste and consumption. For example, do not waste water: turn off the tap when brushing your teeth, do not let the water run unnecessarily shower are good methods. To avoid wasting energy: Do not hold the light on electricity if you can use solar energy, try to use the washing machine only at full load, unplug the charger from the outlet when you are finished charging your phone, do not leave lit any type of lights, the most common case of power on your TV.

Tourists can help the environment in which s is the local people and trying not to cause excessive noise and shouting. The most important thing you must not miss the tourist is aware of himself and his actions. Eco-tourists should be well informed about the characteristics of the environment is going to go try to respect them as much as possible. If the most powerful weapon is the power of the state to impose a culture of sustainability to the various agencies and if the bodies and to make them a reality that culture, the most powerful weapon of tourists is undoubtedly the 'Information that allows tourists to be more sustainable in the way that he believes right.

How can tourists help the sustainability of the farm?
First, the farm is actually very fragile. One of its primary purposes is to preserve the originality and uniqueness of the area where it is. To do this, the farm produces Altura and Monte Ceva very traditional products of our land and raise animals also typical. These products, however, are sometimes difficulties in the market now because it produces products worldwide and low cost. The products of the farm so while offering a quality definitely better because it is healthy and biologically modified rank second year because they cost more.

So how to help preserve the farm in time? Tourists can help this actually trying to make it known to friends, family, acquaintances, the company can buy some product that will only help the sustainability of the farm but also his health. May seek to safeguard the environment that surrounds him being aware of what to offer and especially when visiting the farm must comply with its rules so that his visit is to help the company and not an aggravating factor. The farm as a fragile reality can not accommodate too many people because this would damage the eco system inside. The visitor is a friend of the sustainable nature!

Workshop for children: ¬ Pic-nic in nature.
Purpose = to become a friend of nature!
To earn five must be passes.
Children will be divided into two teams and must pass to earn through the game. (Passes are assigned to both teams at the end of the game).

1. First game: Walk lightly!
Location: in the presence of gravel
Materials: slips of paper with the words: "if you want to see nature so well that she will want you more" (in each package will be written one word of the sentence and the package will be prepared for both teams) pass: "friend of 'grass' and basket to collect the tickets.

Procedure: the boys, both from team A to team B, will have to leave their base with a piece of paper and take a piece of gravel without shoes, with caution not to get hurt and a piece of grass with the same care to learn to respect as any plant until you come to a basket where you put the package. Gone are the sheets together must go to the basket and try to compose the sentence with the package. The team that finishes first.
Moral: the children understand that, as they walked on the stones with caution because it hurt to walk on the grass should not hurt him.
At the end of morality is given to children PASS: "friend of the grass"
NOTE if you can do so many children are also 4 teams but you must you must stretch the phrase.

2. Second game: Watch out for the flowers!
Location: where you do not disturb animals or plants. (Courtyard entrance)
Materials: tape or something signage to delineate the field, ball sponge vase of paper mache one for each child with their name written out.
Method: In the boys team will be positioned within the field square and the B team on the outside. Team members will have to try to take the ball with the boys from Team B who do everything to escape while remaining within the field. If the opponent is taken only once, however, may continue to play on one leg, (just hit out of range and breaks the flower paper mache vase in place with his name next to the playground and then comes into play ) if taken twice to exit the field and turn the jar with her name indicating that the roots of the flower have been torn. The game lasts a certain amount of time, after which the teams will be exchanged and thus began the second round where the B team can build on. The team that wins the game at that time take more opponents.

Moral: Children are the flowers in the field while out of the tourists. When a visitor picks up a flower (within the field hits the opponent with the ball) can do this in two ways:
- Leaving the roots in the ground (hitting the opponent only once allowing him to stay in the game despite missing a leg) thus allowing the plant to live.
- Tearing the roots from the soil (making it twice hitting the opponent out of the game) thus preventing the plant flower snatched from life.
At the end of morality is given to children PASS: "friend of the flowers."
NOTE If there are four teams will be joined in pairs.

3. Game: Just Noise!
Location: any
Material:.
Procedure: Team A and Team B. Each team will choose a component in turn. The boy is away for a few minutes until it is explained to the rest of the team where he is an animal hidden that their partner will have to try. After this stage, it returns the partner and the team will try to indicate the place of "treasure" without making any noise, so every team member will take one step at a time and must wait for the rest of the team has made a step to make another one. The team can not reach the object, but must remain in a circle of action a minimum of10 feet. Must invent a way to explain to his companion, the place in complete silence to avoid disturbing the animals.
Moral: the children must try to be quiet for the success of the game. Without even realizing it kids will spend some hours in silence with animals and having fun. This is the message we want to run the farm, man and nature can live without creating damage to each other.
At the end of morality is given to children PASS: "animal lover".

4. Game: And the waste?
Location: Nature.
Material: sandwiches, drinks glasses, you need to eat.
Procedure: Children will be asked to keep any waste on the table. After eating the sandwich in perfect tranquility begins the game: Each team member must throw an object into the container just by recycling. The team which threw its components more waste in the right place.
Moral: It is important not to leave waste around is just as important as throwing them in the right place.
At the end of morality is given to children PASS "environmentally friendly".

5. Game: Here comes the dessert!
Location: The same place where the picnic.
Material: fruit with seeds, 2 containers.
Procedure: The teams will have a certain amount of fruit available, and collect the seeds they eat. Player who collects the most seeds. After that the ball will land with seeds collected from them and spears to sow new plants.
Moral: everything that exists in nature has a specific purpose well and should not be thrown.
At the end of morality is given to children PASS: "Friend of life."

At the end of the day you learn the rules will be revised and will be delivered to each child a certificate of a friend of nature.

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